Civics test topic guide
Principles of American government
The Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the 27 amendments, the rule of law and checks and balances: the first theme of the US civics test, with a real question.
The principles of government are the ideas behind the American system: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, the rule of law, the separation of powers and the idea that the people govern themselves.
The guide explains the Declaration (1776), the Constitution (1787) and its 27 amendments, the Bill of Rights, the three branches and checks and balances, and the free-market economy.
The principles of American government
The Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, the rule of law, the separation of powers and the idea that the people govern themselves.
What each guide covers
- The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence was adopted on 4 July 1776 in Philadelphia.
- The ConstitutionThe Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
- Rule of law, separation of powers and self-governmentSeveral big ideas are behind the American system.
- The economic system and taxesThe test also asks a few questions about the economy, which is a free-market (capitalist) system.
Remember for the exam
- Declaration of Independence: 4 July 1776, written by Jefferson; it announced independence from Great Britain.
- The Constitution is the supreme law; 27 amendments; the Bill of Rights is the first ten.
- Rule of law, separation of powers, checks and balances, republic, federalism.
- Free-market (capitalist) economy; taxes go to the IRS.
A sample question from the bank
Question: How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution have? Answer: Twenty-seven (27).
Question: The words “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” are in what founding document? Answer: The Declaration of Independence.
Questions people ask
Which of these ideas do I need to know in my own words?
The officer wants the key idea, not a speech: for example “checks and balances” or “so one part does not become too powerful”.
Are these questions on the 2025 list?
Yes, they come from the “principles of American government” section of the 128 questions published by USCIS.
What does the Constitution do?
It sets up the government, defines the powers of the government and protects the basic rights of Americans. It is the supreme law of the land, above the laws of the states.
What is the Bill of Rights?
It is the first ten amendments to the Constitution, added in 1791. They protect individual rights such as freedom of speech, religion and the press, and the right to a fair trial.
More guides
Ready to practise?
Study the questions by theme, then take the timed practice exam.